Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Inicio / Lyrics Animals You Never Know Marley

Lyrics Animals You Never Know Marley

Publicar un comentario

Jamaican singer-songwriter (1945–1981)

The Honourable

Bob Marley


OM

Black and white image of Bob Marley on stage with a guitar

Marley performing at the Dalymount Park in Dublin in July 1980
Born

Robert Nesta Marley


(1945-02-06)6 February 1945

Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Colony of Jamaica
Died xi May 1981(1981-05-11) (aged 36)

Miami, Florida, US
Other names
  • Donald Marley
  • Tuff Gong
Occupation
  • Musician
  • songwriter
Spouse(southward)

Rita Anderson

​

(thou. )​
Partner(due south) Cindy Breakspeare (1977–1978)
Children
  • 11, including
  • Sharon
  • Cedella
  • David "Ziggy"
  • Stephen
  • Rohan
  • Julian
  • Ky-Mani
  • and Damian
Parent(due south)
  • Norval Sinclair Marley
  • Cedella Booker
Relatives
  • Skip Marley (grandson)
  • Nico Marley (grandson)
  • Selah Marley (granddaughter)
Musical career
Genres
  • Reggae
  • ska
  • rocksteady
  • folk[ane]
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • percussion
Years active 1962–1981
Labels
  • Beverley's
  • Studio I
  • JAD
  • Wail'northward Soul'm
  • Upsetter
  • Tuff Gong
  • Island
Associated acts Bob Marley and the Wailers
Website bobmarley.com

Musical artist

Robert Nesta Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered ane of the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked by fusing elements of reggae, ska, and rocksteady, too as his distinctive vocal and songwriting way.[2] [3] Marley'south contributions to music increased the visibility of Jamaican music worldwide, and made him a global figure in pop culture for over a decade.[4] [5] Over the course of his career, Marley became known as a Rastafari icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality.[6] He is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and civilisation and identity, and was controversial in his outspoken support for autonomous social reforms. In 1976, Marley survived an bump-off attempt in his home, which was idea to exist politically motivated.[7] He also supported legalization of marijuana, and advocated for Pan-Africanism.[8]

Born in 9 Mile, Jamaica, Marley began his professional musical career in 1963, after forming the Teenagers with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer, which after several proper name changes would become the Wailers. The group released its debut studio anthology The Wailing Wailers in 1965, which contained the single "One Love", a reworking of "People Get Set up"; the song was popular worldwide, and established the grouping as a ascension figure in reggae.[9] The Wailers released a further xi studio albums, and after signing to Island Records the band'southward proper name became Bob Marley and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, the group began engaging in rhythmic-based song structure in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which coincided with Marley's conversion to Rastafari. Around this time, Marley relocated to London, and the grouping embodied their musical shift with the release of the anthology The Best of The Wailers (1971).[10]

The group started to gain international attention afterward signing to Island, and touring in back up of the albums Catch a Fire and Burnin' (both 1973). Following the disbandment of the Wailers a year later, Marley carried on under the ring's name.[xi] The anthology Natty Dread (1974) received positive reception. In 1975, following the global popularity of Eric Clapton's version of Marley'due south "I Shot the Sheriff",[12] Marley had his international quantum with his first hit outside Jamaica, with a live version of "No Woman, No Weep", from the Live! album.[13] This was followed by his breakthrough anthology in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Tiptop 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.[14] A few months after the album's release Marley survived an assassination endeavour at his dwelling house in Jamaica, which prompted him to permanently relocate to London. During his fourth dimension in London he recorded the album Exodus (1977); it incorporated elements of dejection, soul, and British rock and enjoyed widespread commercial and disquisitional success. In 1977, Marley was diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma; he died every bit a upshot of the illness in 1981. His fans around the earth expressed their grief, and he received a state funeral in Jamaica.

The greatest hits album Fable was released in 1984, and became the best-selling reggae album of all fourth dimension.[xv] Marley as well ranks as one of the acknowledged music artists of all fourth dimension, with estimated sales of more than 75 million records worldwide.[xvi] He was posthumously honoured by Jamaica soon after his death with a designated Guild of Merit past his nation. In 1994, he was inducted into the Stone and Roll Hall of Fame. Rolling Rock ranked him No. 11 on its listing of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Fourth dimension.[17] His other achievements include a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and induction into the Black Music & Amusement Walk of Fame.

Early life and career

Robert Nesta Marley was born on six February 1945 at the subcontract of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley and Cedella Malcolm.[18] Norval Marley was from Crowborough, East Sussex in England,[19] then resident of Clarendon Parish,[20] whose family claimed to have Syrian Jewish origins as well.[21] [22] [23] Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Regal Marines;[24] at the time of his marriage to Cedella Malcolm, an Afro-Jamaican and so 18 years old, he was employed as a plantation overseer.[24] [25] Bob Marley's full name is Robert Nesta Marley, though some sources requite his birth proper name as Nesta Robert Marley, with a story that when Marley was still a male child a Jamaican passport official reversed his first and middle names because Nesta sounded like a girl's name.[26] [27] Norval provided financial back up for his wife and child merely seldom saw them as he was often away. Bob Marley attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment surface area of Saint Ann.[28] [29] In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at the historic period of 70.[30] Marley's mother went on later to marry Edward Booker, a civil servant from the United States, giving Marley two one-half-brothers: Richard and Anthony.[31] [32]

Bob Marley and Neville Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer) had been babyhood friends in 9 Mile. They had started to play music together while at Stepney Chief and Junior High Schoolhouse.[33] Marley left Ix Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trenchtown, Kingston. She and Thadeus Livingston (Bunny Wailer's father) had a girl together whom they named Claudette Pearl,[34] who was a younger sis to both Bob and Bunny. Now that Marley and Livingston were living together in the same house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include the new ska music, and the latest R&B from United States radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica.[35] Marley formed a song group with Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh. The line-upward was known variously equally the Teenagers, the Wailing Rudeboys, the Wailing Wailers and finally but the Wailers. Joe Higgs, who was role of the successful song act Higgs and Wilson, lived nearby and encouraged Marley.[36] Marley and the others did not play whatsoever instruments at this time, and were more interested in being a vocal harmony grouping. Higgs helped them develop their vocal harmonies, and started to teach Marley how to play guitar.[37] [38]

Musical career

1962–1972: Early years

In February 1962, Marley recorded iv songs, "Judge Non", "One Cup of Coffee", "Do You Notwithstanding Love Me?" and "Terror", at Federal Studios for local music producer Leslie Kong.[39] Three of the songs were released on Beverley'south with "One Cup of Coffee" being released under the pseudonym Bobby Martell.[40]

In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Blood-red Smith were called the Teenagers. They later inverse the name to the Wailing Rudeboys, then to the Wailing Wailers, at which point they were discovered by tape producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to the Wailers. Their single "Simmer Down" for the Coxsone label became a Jamaican No. 1 in February 1964 selling an estimated 70,000 copies.[41] The Wailers, at present regularly recording for Studio 1, found themselves working with established Jamaican musicians such as Ernest Ranglin (arranger "It Hurts To Be Lonely"),[42] the keyboardist Jackie Mittoo and saxophonist Roland Alphonso. By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left the Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.[43]

In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson, and moved near his mother'south residence in Wilmington, Delaware, in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant, and on the assembly line and as a fork lift operator at a Chrysler institute in nearby Newark, under the alias Donald Marley.[44] [45]

Though raised every bit a Cosmic, Marley became interested in Rastafari beliefs in the 1960s, when abroad from his mother's influence.[46] After returning to Jamaica, Marley formally converted to Rastafari and began to grow dreadlocks.

After a financial disagreement with Dodd, Marley and his ring teamed upwards with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band, the Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a yr, they recorded what many consider the Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would proceed to work together.[47]

1969 brought some other alter to Jamaican popular music in which the crush slowed downwardly fifty-fifty further. The new beat was a ho-hum, steady, ticking rhythm that was outset heard on The Maytals song "Practise the Reggay." Marley approached producer Leslie Kong, who was regarded as i of the major developers of the reggae sound. For the recordings, Kong combined the Wailers with his studio musicians chosen Beverley'due south All-Stars, which consisted of the bassists Lloyd Parks and Jackie Jackson, the drummer Paul Douglas, the keyboard players Gladstone Anderson and Winston Wright, and the guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, and Hux Brown.[48] As David Moskowitz writes, "The tracks recorded in this session illustrated the Wailers' earliest efforts in the new reggae fashion. Gone are the ska trumpets and saxophones of the earlier songs, with instrumental breaks at present being played by the electrical guitar." The songs recorded would exist released as the album The All-time of The Wailers, including tracks "Soul Shakedown Party," "Stop That Railroad train," "Caution," "Get Tell It on the Mountain," "Presently Come," "Can't You See," "Soul Captives," "Cheer Up," "Dorsum Out," and "Practice It Twice".[48]

Exterior of Bob Marley's apartment building in London.

Bob Marley'due south flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London

Betwixt 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cutting some old tracks with JAD Records in Kingston and London in an attempt to commercialise the Wailers' sound. Bunny subsequently asserted that these songs "should never be released on an album ... they were just demos for tape companies to listen to". In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx. Norman had written the extended lyrics for Kai Winding'southward "Time Is on My Side" (covered by the Rolling Stones) and had also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix.[49] A 3-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-author Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-infinitesimal tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfrom'south compositions. This tape is, according to Reggae archivist Roger Steffens, rare in that information technology was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as function of an effort to break Marley into the Usa charts.[49] According to an article in The New York Times, Marley experimented on the record with different sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" and "the slow honey song way of 1960s artists" on "Splish for My Splash".[49] An artist still to found himself outside his native Jamaica, Marley lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, during 1972.[50]

1972–1974: Move to Island Records

In 1972, Bob Marley signed with CBS Records in London and embarked on a UK tour with soul vocalist Johnny Nash.[51] While in London the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell, who had licensed some of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records. The Wailers intended to discuss the royalties associated with these releases; instead, the meeting resulted in the offer of an advance of £4,000 to record an anthology.[52] Since Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognised the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was actually rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. Simply you needed someone who could exist that paradigm. When Bob walked in he really was that image."[53] The Wailers returned to Jamaica to tape at Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in the anthology Grab a Burn down.

Primarily recorded on an eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first fourth dimension a reggae ring had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their stone 'n' scroll peers.[53] Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm",[54] and restructured Marley'due south mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell'southward overdubbing of the album at Isle Studios, which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks.[53]

The Wailers' offset anthology for Island, Catch a Fire, was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged similar a stone tape with a unique Naught lighter lift-pinnacle. Initially selling 14,000 units, it received a positive critical reception.[53] It was followed afterwards that yr past the album Burnin' which included the song "I Shot the Sheriff". Eric Clapton was given the album by his guitarist George Terry in the hope that he would savor information technology.[55] Clapton was impressed and chose to record a cover version of "I Shot the Sheriff" which became his first US striking since "Layla" two years earlier and reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 September 1974.[56] Many Jamaicans were not not bad on the new reggae sound on Catch a Fire, but the Trenchtown style of Burnin constitute fans across both reggae and rock audiences.[53]

During this catamenia, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Route (so known as Island Business firm) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley'south office just likewise his abode.[53]

The Wailers were scheduled to open 17 shows in the US for Sly and the Family Stone. Subsequently four shows, the band was fired because they were more popular than the acts they were opening for.[57] The Wailers disbanded in 1974, with each of the iii master members pursuing a solo career.

1974–1976: Line-up changes and shooting

A crowd of people standing in water and listening to a band perform on stage

Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new backing ring included brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Homo" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international quantum with his showtime striking outside Jamaica, with a live version of "No Adult female, No Cry", from the Alive! album.[13] This was followed past his breakthrough anthology in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.[14]

On 3 Dec 1976, two days earlier "Grin Jamaica", a free concert organised past the Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen within Marley'southward dwelling house. Taylor and Marley's wife sustained serious injuries but later fabricated full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm.[58] The effort on his life was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was actually a support rally for Manley. Even so, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. When asked why, Marley responded, "The people who are trying to brand this world worse aren't taking a day off. How can I?"[ citation needed ] The members of the group Zap Pow played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival crowd of eighty,000 while members of The Wailers were nevertheless missing or in hiding.[59] [60]

1976–1979: Relocation to England

Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and after a calendar month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile.

Whilst in England, he recorded the albums Exodus and Kaya. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four Uk hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "I Love" (which interpolates Curtis Mayfield'due south hit, "People Get Ready"). During his time in London, he was arrested and received a confidence for possession of a pocket-size quantity of cannabis.[61] In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at some other political concert, the One Love Peace Concert, again in an endeavor to calm warring parties. Near the finish of the performance, by Marley'south request, Michael Manley (leader of and then-ruling People's National Party) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party) joined each other on stage and shook hands.[62]

Nether the proper noun Bob Marley and the Wailers 11 albums were released, iv alive albums and vii studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Coach, a double live album with thirteen tracks, was released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jamming" with the audience in a frenzy captured the intensity of Marley'due south live performances.[63]

"Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come hands to the World only rather how hell on Globe comes also hands to likewise many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed downwards."

 – Mikal Gilmore, Rolling Stone [64] : 61

1979–1981: Later years

Survival, a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Republic of zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Upwards and Alive", and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his stiff opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song "State of war" in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at 17 April commemoration of Zimbabwe's Independence 24-hour interval.[65]

Uprising (1980) was Bob Marley'due south concluding studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah".[66] Confrontation, released posthumously in 1983, independent unreleased textile recorded during Marley'south lifetime, including the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.[67]

Affliction and death

Bob Marley singing and playing guitar at a concert in Zurich, Switzerland in 1980.

Marley in concert in 1980, Zürich, Switzerland

In July 1977, Marley was diagnosed with a type of cancerous melanoma nether a toenail.[68] Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year but was instead a symptom of already-existing cancer.[69] He had to see two doctors before a biopsy was made, which confirmed acral lentiginous melanoma. Dissimilar other melanomas, usually on skin exposed to the sun, acral lentiginous melanoma occurs in places that are easy to miss, such as the soles of the feet, or under toenails. Although it is the nearly common melanoma in people with dark skin, it is non widely recognised, and was non mentioned in the most pop medical textbook of the time.[70]

Marley rejected his doctors' advice to have his toe amputated (which would have hindered his performing career), citing his religious beliefs, and instead, the smash and boom bed were removed and a skin graft was taken from his thigh to comprehend the surface area.[71] [72] Despite his affliction, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a 1980 world tour.[73]

The anthology Insurgence was released in May 1980. The ring completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people in Milan, Italia. After the bout Marley went to the United States, where he performed ii shows at Madison Square Garden in New York Metropolis as office of the Uprising Tour.[74] He complanate while jogging in Central Park and was taken to the infirmary, where it was found that his cancer had spread to his brain, lungs, and liver.[75]

Marley's last concert took place two days later at the Stanley Theater (now The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on 23 September 1980.[76] The only known photographs from the show were included in Kevin Macdonald's 2012 documentary film Marley.[77]

Shortly afterward, Marley's health deteriorated as his cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was canceled and Marley sought treatment at the clinic of Josef Issels in Bavaria, Federal republic of germany, where he underwent an culling cancer treatment chosen Issels treatment partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. Later eight months of failing to effectively treat his advancing cancer, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica.[78] During the flight Marley'southward vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital (subsequently Academy of Miami Hospital) for firsthand medical attending, where he died on 11 May 1981, aged 36, due to the spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can't buy life."[79]

Marley was given a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy[80] [81] and Rastafari tradition.[82] He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his guitar.[83]

On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the last funeral eulogy to Marley, proverb:

His vocalism was an omnipresent cry in our electronic earth. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing fashion a bright etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an feel which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a man cannot be erased from the mind. He is part of the collective consciousness of the nation.[64] : 58

Legacy

Awards and honours

  • 1976: Rolling Stone Band of the Yr
  • June 1978: Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.[64] : five
  • Feb 1981: Awarded the Jamaican Club of Merit, so the nation's tertiary highest honour.[84]
  • March 1994: Inducted into the Stone and Roll Hall of Fame.
  • 1999: Anthology of the Century for Exodus past Fourth dimension mag.[85]
  • February 2001: A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
  • Feb 2001: Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Laurels.[86]
  • 2004: Rolling Rock ranked him No. xi on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[17]
  • 2004: Among the first inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame
  • "Ane Love" named song of the millennium past BBC.
  • Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll.[87]
  • 2006: A blueish plaque was unveiled at his first UK residence in Ridgmount Gardens, London, dedicated to him by the Nubian Jak Community Trust and supported past the Foreign and Republic Part.[88] [89]
  • 2010: Grab a Burn inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album).[90]
  • 2022: Inducted into the Blackness Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.[91]

Other tributes

Marley statue in Kingston

A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him.[92] In 2006, the New York City Department of Education co-named a portion of Church Artery from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn as "Bob Marley Boulevard".[93] [94] In 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.[95]

Internationally, Marley'due south message also continues to reflect among various indigenous communities. For instance, members of the Native American Hopi and Havasupai tribes revere his piece of work.[64] There are also many tributes to Bob Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.[96] [97]

Marley evolved into a global symbol, which has been incessantly merchandised through a multifariousness of media. In the light of this, writer Dave Thompson in his book, Reggae and Caribbean area Music, laments what he perceives to be the commercialised pacification of Marley's more militant border, stating:

Bob Marley ranks amongst both the virtually popular and the almost misunderstood figures in modern culture ... That the car has utterly emasculated Marley is across dubiety. Gone from the public record is the ghetto kid who dreamed of Che Guevara and the Black Panthers, and pinned their posters up in the Wailers Soul Shack tape shop; who believed in freedom; and the fighting which it necessitated, and dressed the part on an early on album sleeve; whose heroes were James Brown and Muhammad Ali; whose God was Ras Tafari and whose sacrament was marijuana. Instead, the Bob Marley who surveys his kingdom today is smiling benignancy, a shining sun, a waving palm tree, and a cord of hits which tumble out of polite radio like candy from a gumball machine. Of course it has assured his immortality. But it has also demeaned him beyond recognition. Bob Marley was worth far more than.[98]

Several film adaptations have evolved as well. For instance, a feature-length documentary about his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it besides tells much of the story in his ain words.[99] In Feb 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film was set to be released on half dozen Feb 2010, on what would have been Marley's 65th altogether.[100] However, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling issues. He was replaced by Jonathan Demme,[101] who dropped out due to creative differences with producer Steve Bing during the offset of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme[102] and the film, Marley, was released on 20 April 2012.[103] In 2011, ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, forth with Gian Godoy, made the documentary Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend, which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.[104]

In October 2015, Jamaican author Marlon James'due south novel, A Brief History of Seven Killings, a fictional account of the attempted bump-off of Marley, won the 2015 Human being Booker Prize at a ceremony in London.[105]

In Feb 2020, Get Upward, Stand up! The Bob Marley Musical was announced by writer Lee Hall and managing director Dominic Cooke, starring Arinzé Kene as Bob Marley. It will open up at London's Lyric Theatre on 20 October 2021, later being postponed from its original February premiere due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[106] [107]

Personal life

Religion

Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari motion, whose civilisation was a central element in the development of reggae.[ citation needed ] He became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking its music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene.[ citation needed ] As role of beingness a Rastafarian he felt that Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was an incarnation of God or "Jah".[108] Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq baptised Marley into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church building, giving him the name Berhane Selassie, on 4 November 1980, soon earlier his death.[109] [110]

Equally a Rastafarian Marley supported the legalisation of cannabis or "ganja", which Rastafarians believe is an aid to meditation.[111] Marley began to utilise cannabis when he converted to the Rastafari religion from Catholicism in 1966. He was arrested in 1968 after beingness caught with cannabis but continued to utilize marijuana in accordance with his religious beliefs. Of his marijuana usage, he said, "When yous smoke herb, herb reveal yourself to you. All the wickedness you exercise, the herb reveal itself to yourself, your conscience, show up yourself clear, because herb make y'all meditate. Is merely a natural t'ing and information technology abound like a tree."[112] Marley saw marijuana usage as a vital factor in religious growth and connection with Jah, and as a fashion to philosophise and become wiser.[113]

Marley was a Pan-Africanist and believed in the unity of African people worldwide. His beliefs were rooted in his Rastafari religious behavior.[114] He was substantially inspired past Marcus Garvey, and had anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist themes in many of his songs, such as "Zimbabwe", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption", and "Redemption Song". "Redemption Song" draws influence from a speech communication given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia, 1937.[115] Marley held that independence of African countries from European domination was a victory for all those in the African diaspora. In the vocal "Africa Unite", he sings of a desire for all peoples of the African diaspora to come together and fight against "Babylon"; similarly, in the song "Republic of zimbabwe", he marks the liberation of the whole continent of Africa, and evokes calls for unity between all Africans, both inside and exterior Africa.[116]

Family

Bob Marley married Alpharita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on ten Feb 1966.[117] Marley had many children: four with his married woman Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. The official Bob Marley website acknowledges eleven children.

Those listed on the official site are:[118]

  1. Sharon, born 23 Nov 1964, daughter of Rita from a previous human relationship merely then adopted past Marley subsequently his wedlock with Rita
  2. Cedella, born 23 Baronial 1967, to Rita
  3. David "Ziggy", born 17 Oct 1968, to Rita
  4. Stephen, built-in 20 Apr 1972, to Rita
  5. Robert "Robbie", born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams
  6. Rohan, born 19 May 1972, to Janet Hunt
  7. Karen, built-in 1973 to Janet Bowen
  8. Stephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a human being called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless, she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter
  9. Julian, born four June 1975, to Lucy Pounder
  10. Ky-Mani, born 26 February 1976, to Anita Belnavis
  11. Damian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare

Other sites accept noted additional individuals who claim to exist family members,[119] every bit noted beneath:

  • Makeda was built-in on xxx May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, afterwards Marley's death.[120] Meredith Dixon'due south book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website.
  • Various websites, for example,[121] also list Imani Carole, built-in 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; simply she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.[120]

Marley also has 3 notable grandchildren, musician Skip Marley, American football game player Nico Marley and model Selah Marley.

Association football game

Aside from music, association football played a major role throughout his life.[122] Besides as playing the game, in parking lots, fields, and even inside recording studios, growing upwards he followed the Brazilian club Santos and its star player Pelé[122] and was also a supporter of English football game gild, Tottenham Hotspur and Argentine midfielder Ossie Ardiles, who played for the society from 1978 for a decade.[123] Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s fabricated the Jamaican international footballer Allan "Skill" Cole his bout manager.[122] He told a journalist, "If you want to become to know me, you will have to play football game against me and the Wailers."[122]

Discography

Studio albums

  • The Wailing Wailers (1965)
  • Soul Rebels (1970)
  • Soul Revolution Part II (1971)
  • The All-time of the Wailers (1971)
  • Catch a Fire (1973)
  • Burnin' (1973)
  • Natty Dread (1974)
  • Rastaman Vibration (1976)
  • Exodus (1977)
  • Kaya (1978)
  • Survival (1979)
  • Insurgence (1980)
  • Confrontation (1983)

Live albums

  • Alive! (1975)
  • Babylon past Charabanc (1978)

See also

  • Outline of Bob Marley
  • Listing of peace activists
  • Fabian Marley
  • Desis bobmarleyi – an underwater spider species named in laurels of Marley

References

  1. ^ Freed, Kenneth (thirteen February 1995). "Bob Marley Festival Spreads Some 'Rastaman Vibration' : Anniversary: Jamaica concert marks the 50th birthday of the late reggae icon and poet-musician". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 1 Baronial 2019.
  2. ^ Samuels, A.J. "Bob Marley: Anatomy of an Icon". Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved x October 2017.
  3. ^ "'Marley' – a new view of a cultural icon". www.youthlinkjamaica.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 Oct 2017.
  4. ^ "vii Fascinating Facts Well-nigh Bob Marley". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved ten October 2017.
  5. ^ Toynbee, Jason (8 May 2013). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial World. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1969–. ISBN978-0-7456-5737-0. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 23 Baronial 2013.
  6. ^ Masouri, Jon (11 November 2009). Wailing Blues – The Story of Bob Marley's Wailers. Music Sales Group. ISBN978-0-85712-035-nine. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  7. ^ Gane-McCalla, Casey (2016). Inside the CIA'due south Secret State of war in Jamaica. Los Angeles, Calif: Over the Edge Books. ISBN978-one-944082-07-nine. OCLC 1105632241. [ folio needed ]
  8. ^ Soni, Varun (2 July 2010). "Bob Marley's Spiritual Legacy". huffingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved xi July 2017.
  9. ^ Gooden, Lou (2003). Reggae Heritage: Jamaica's Music History, Culture & Politic. AuthorHouse. pp. 293–. ISBN978-1-4107-8062-i . Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  10. ^ Lee, Bunny (23 August 2013). "Interview". Reggae Vibes (Interview). Interviewed by Peter I. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  11. ^ Barrett, Aston "Family Human being" (19 February 2013). "Interview". Pure Guitar. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  12. ^ Paul Sexton (14 September 2021). "Eric Clapton'southward 'I Shot The Sheriff': E.C. Takes Bob Marley To The Earth". udiscovermusic. ,
  13. ^ a b "Billboard Hits of the World". Billboard. Billboard Publications, Inc. fifteen Nov 1975. p. 69. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  14. ^ a b "Soul". Billboard. Billboard Publications, Inc. 25 December 1976. p. 77. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  15. ^ Mcateer, Amberly (15 October 2014). "Deadly profitable: The 13 highest-earning expressionless celebrities". The Globe and Postal service. Archived from the original on iv March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  16. ^ Meschino, Patricia (6 October 2007). "'Exodus' Returns". Billboard. Nielsen Business organisation Media, Inc. p. 42. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  17. ^ a b "The Immortals: The Start 50". Rolling Rock. No. 946. Archived from the original on 6 Jan 2007.
  18. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 13. ISBN978-0-313-33879-3 . Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  19. ^ Jones, Tristan; Tudor, Genevieve (4 Baronial 2014). "World War One: Bob Marley's father 'neurotic and incontinent'". Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  20. ^ Jason Toynbee (five Nov 2007). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial Globe?. Polity. p. 44. ISBN978-0-7456-3089-ii. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  21. ^ Observer (13 April 2006). "Ziggy Marley to adopt Judaism?". The Jamaica Observer. Of farther interest, Ziggy's grandfather Norval, is also of Syrian-Jewish extraction... This was confirmed by Heather Marley, who is the girl of Noel Marley, Norval'southward blood brother.
  22. ^ Kenner, Rob (May 2006). "The Real Revolutionary". Vibe. Vol. 14, no. 5. Vibe Media Grouping. p. 118. ISSN 1070-4701.
  23. ^ Cahyaningtyas, Setyo. 2011. Racism Perspective as Reflected in Bob Marley'due south and The Wailer'due south Songs. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.
  24. ^ a b Adams, Tim (8 Apr 2012). "Bob Marley: the regret that haunted his life". The Observer. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  25. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2. ISBN978-0-313-33879-iii . Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  26. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Grouping. p. 9. ISBN978-0-313-33879-3 . Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  27. ^ Davis, Stephen (28 July 1983). Bob Marley: the biography. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. ISBN978-0213168599. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  28. ^ "Stepney Primary and Junior Loftier School". bobmarleyfoundationja.org. Bob Marley Foundation. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  29. ^ Marley, Bob (31 Jan 2012). Mind to Bob Marley: The Homo, the Music, the Revolution. Open up Road Media. pp. 65–. ISBN978-1-4532-2494-6. Archived from the original on 9 Oct 2013. Retrieved ane September 2013.
  30. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. iv. ISBN978-0-313-33879-iii . Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  31. ^ "Bob Marley'due south Family Settles Lawsuit With Vocaliser's Half-Brother". RollingStone.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved iv Dec 2016.
  32. ^ "Cedella Marley Booker: Keeper of the Marley flame". independent.co.united kingdom. eleven April 2008. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved four December 2016.
  33. ^ Wailer, Bunny (January 2011). "The Concluding Wailer – Bunny Wailer interview". GQ (Interview). Interviewed by John Jeremiah Sullivan. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  34. ^ Cunningham, Jonathan (fifteen April 2008). "Memorial Services for Cedella Marley Booker Tonight". Miami New Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  35. ^ Obrecht, Jas. "Bob Marley's Early Years: From Nine Miles To London". JasObrecht.com. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  36. ^ Braithwaite, Junior (5 May 1985). "Interview". iration.com (Interview). Interviewed by Roger Steffens. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  37. ^ Foster, Chuck (12 November 2013). "Joe Higgs – No Man Could Cease The Source". Tiscali.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  38. ^ Pareles, Jon (22 December 1999). "Joe Higgs, 59, Reggae Performer; Taught a Generation of Singers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  39. ^ Bob Marley Solo, 1962 Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Motorcar Wailer – The Bob Marley Compendium. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  40. ^ "The Beverley Label and Leslie Kong: Music Business". bobmarley.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2006.
  41. ^ Jeffrey, Don (16 July 1994). "Disputes Over Copyrights 'Scorch' Jamaican Reggae Artists". Billboard. Nielsen Business organization Media, Inc. p. 92. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on vii May 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  42. ^ Ranglin Interview with Angus Taylor (11 February 2011). Archived 9 Jan 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  43. ^ "The Wailers' Biography". VitalSpot.com. Archived from the original on ten September 2007. Retrieved one Oct 2009.
  44. ^ White, Timothy (25 June 1981). "Bob Marley: 1945–1981". Rolling Rock. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009.
  45. ^ Cormier, Ryan (30 September 2021). "Bob Marley wrote some of his first songs living in Wilmington. This is his Delaware history". The News Periodical / delaware online. Wilmington, DE, Us: Gannett.
  46. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 16. ISBN9780275989354. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved v October 2016.
  47. ^ "Reggae's Mad Scientist". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 Dec 2018. Retrieved two December 2018.
  48. ^ a b Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23. ISBN9780275989354 . Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  49. ^ a b c McKinley, Jesse (nineteen December 2002). "Pre-reggae tape of Bob Marley is institute and put on auction". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved iv Jan 2009.
  50. ^ Muir, Hugh (27 October 2006). "Blue plaque marks flats that put Marley on road to fame". The Guardian. Britain. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  51. ^ Bradley, Lloyd (xxx August 2001). Bass Culture: When Reggae Was King. Penguin Adult. pp. 522–. ISBN978-0-14-023763-4. Archived from the original on seven May 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  52. ^ Campbell, Howard (22 March 2011). "Bunny Wailer sets the record straight". The Gleaner. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Hagerman, Brent (Feb 2005). "Chris Blackwell: Savvy Svengali". Exclaim.ca. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 29 Dec 2010.
  54. ^ Williams, Richard. Catch a Burn. Catch a Fire (Liner notes) (2001 reissue ed.).
  55. ^ Terry, George (June 2011). "Interview". Hit Channel (Interview). Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  56. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 for week ending September 14, 1974". Billboard. Billboard Publications, Inc. 14 September 1974. p. 64. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on seven May 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  57. ^ "Bob Marley Biography". admin. 9 Baronial 2010. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  58. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 71–73. ISBN9780275989354. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  59. ^ "Rolling Stone #230: Bob Marley | The Uncool – The Official Site for Everything Cameron Crowe". Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  60. ^ Walker, Jeff (1980) on the cover of Zap Pow's LP Reggae Rules. Los Angeles: Rhino Records.
  61. ^ "A Timeline of Bob Marley'south Career". Thirdfield.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  62. ^ "I Dear Peace Concert". Everything2.com. 24 May 2002. Archived from the original on ix February 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  63. ^ White, Timothy (28 December 1978). "Babylon by Bus review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on sixteen February 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  64. ^ a b c d Henke, James (2006). Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley. Tuff Gong Books. ISBN0-8118-5036-half dozen.
  65. ^ Hans, Thobile (2 Apr 2015). "Remembering Bob Marley at the Birth of Zimbabwe". Forbes. Archived from the original on 25 Nov 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  66. ^ Morris, Chris (16 October 1980). "Uprising review". Rolling Rock. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 3 Oct 2009.
  67. ^ Schruers, Fred (1 September 1983). "Confrontation review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 25 Feb 2007. Retrieved iii October 2009.
  68. ^ "Bob Marley, genomics, and a rare form of melanoma". Cancer Research UK.
  69. ^ "The Bob Marley melanoma story". HealthCert.
  70. ^ Neil Singh (thirteen August 2020). "Decolonising dermatology: why blackness and brown peel need improve handling". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 Baronial 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  71. ^ Gooding, Cleland (11 Apr 2011). "A Death by Skin Cancer? The Bob Marley Story". The Tribune (Nassau). Archived from the original on 17 April 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  72. ^ Silvera, Janet (22 February 2014). "Marley Sings of Dear As Cindy Fills His Heart". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 Feb 2014.
  73. ^ Slater, Russ (6 Baronial 2010). "The Day Bob Marley Played Football in Brazil". Sounds and Colours. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved half-dozen August 2010.
  74. ^ "Bob Marley hired Gambino mobsters for protection in New York". New York Daily News. 8 July 2017. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved two Dec 2018.
  75. ^ "Bob Marley". BBC Religions. 21 Oct 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 31 Jan 2009.
  76. ^ "Bob Marley's last operation". ReggaeInSeattle.
  77. ^ Scott, David Meerman (20 April 2012). "Bob Marley and me". Spider web Ink Now. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015. Marley'due south last show was a critical aspect of the film and there was no video or photo tape... except mine.
  78. ^ "His story: The life and legacy of Bob Marley". BobMarley.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  79. ^ "Why Did Bob Marley Die – What Did Bob Marley Dice From". Worldmusic.about.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  80. ^ "Bob Marley's funeral program". Orthodoxhistory.org. Archived from the original on iv February 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  81. ^ "thirty Year Ceremony of Bob Marley's Death". Orthodoxhistory.org. Archived from the original on xix July 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  82. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 116. ISBN9780275989354. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  83. ^ Williams, Richard. "Bob Marley's funeral, 21 May 1981: a day of Jamaican history". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  84. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 132. ISBN978-0275989354. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  85. ^ "The Best of the Century". Time. 31 December 1999. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved xvi April 2009.
  86. ^ "Grammy Lifetime Achievement Honor for Bob Marley". Caribbean Today. 31 January 2001. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  87. ^ "Who is the greatest lyricist of all fourth dimension". BBC. 23 May 2001. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2006.
  88. ^ "London honours legendary reggae artist Bob Marley with heritage plaque". AfricaUnite.org. Archived from the original on twenty November 2008.
  89. ^ Plaque #4180 on Open up Plaques
  90. ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Awards Complete List". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010.
  91. ^ Conteh, Mankaprr (22 Feb 2022). "More Excellence: Snoop Dogg, Fela Kuti, Berry Gordy Honored at Atlanta's Black Music and Amusement Walk of Fame". Rolling Stone . Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  92. ^ "Statue of Bob Marley, Kingston, Jamaica". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  93. ^ Mooney, Jake (21 May 2006). "Pulsate Curlicue for a Sign With a Reggae Beat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on eighteen January 2016. Retrieved 11 Oct 2007. On x May, the Urban center Council canonical a program to hang Bob Marley Boulevard signs beneath the Church Avenue ones along an eight-block section, from Remsen Artery to East 98th Street.
  94. ^ "Brooklyn Street Renamed Bob Marley Boulevard". NY1. two July 2006. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  95. ^ "n. Marinković, "Marli u Sokolcu"". Politika.rs. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 31 Oct 2011.
  96. ^ Singh, Sarina; Brownish, Lindsay; Elliot, Marking; Harding, Paul; Hole, Abigail; Horton, Patrick (2009). Alone Planet India. Oakland, CA: Solitary Planet. p. 1061. ISBN978-1-74179-151-viii. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  97. ^ "Bob Marley Cultural Fest 2010". Cochin Foursquare. iv May 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  98. ^ Reggae and Caribbean area Music, past Dave Thompson, Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, pp. 159
  99. ^ Rebel Music – The Bob Marley Story (Rita Marley, Bob Marley). 2001.
  100. ^ Miller, Winter (17 February 2008). "Scorsese to make Marley documentary". Ireland On-Line. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  101. ^ "Martin Scorsese Drops Out of Bob Marley Documentary". WorstPreviews.com. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2008.
  102. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (2 Feb 2011). "Kevin Macdonald Takes Over 'Marley' Doctor From Jonathan Demme". indieWire. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  103. ^ "Jamaica premiere for Marley tribute". Irish Independent. 20 Apr 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  104. ^ Downs, Elaine (23 June 2011). "Edinburgh International Film Festival 2011: Bob Marley – the Making of a Legend | News | Edinburgh | STV". Local.stv.tv. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  105. ^ "Marlon James wins Booker Prize for novel on attempted assassination of Bob Marley". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  106. ^ "Brand-new musical Get Upward, Stand! The Bob Marley Story announced today starring Arinze Kene". Bestoftheatre.co.uk. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  107. ^ Meyer, Dan (1 Dec 2020). "New Dates Gear up for Get Up, Stand up Up! The Bob Marley Musical in London'south Westward End". Playbill. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  108. ^ Denise Sullivan (2011). Keep on Pushing: Black Power Music from Blues to Hip-hop. Chicago Review Press. p. 139. ISBN9781569769065.
  109. ^ Marley, Rita (5 February 2013). No Woman, No Weep: My Life with Bob Marley. ISBN9781401305697. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved xiv Dec 2016.
  110. ^ White, Timothy (7 January 2010). Catch A Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. ISBN9780857121363. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  111. ^ Sherry Paprocki; Sean Dolan (2009). Bob Marley: Musician. Infobase Publishing. p. 51. ISBN9781438100722.
  112. ^ Martin Booth (30 September 2011). Cannabis: A History. Random House. pp. 367, 368. ISBN9781409084891.
  113. ^ Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN978-0-313-33879-3. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  114. ^ "History". Bob Marley. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  115. ^ Grant, Colin. The Natural Mystics: Marley, Tosh, and Wailer. p. 113.
  116. ^ Bell, Thomas Fifty. Sound, Order and the Geography of Popular Music. p. 100.
  117. ^ Toynbee, Jason (2013). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial Earth. p. 88. ISBN9780745657370. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved xiv Dec 2016. Rita has claimed that she was raped there [Bull Bay] by Bob in 1973 later he returned from London, and asked her to care for another kid he was going to accept past a woman there (Roper 2004). The formulation changes to 'almost raped' in her autobiography (Marley 2005: 113). Only in any consequence, information technology seems articulate that Bob behaved in an oppressive way towards her, always providing financial back up for herself and the children information technology is truthful, notwithstanding frequently humiliating and bullying her.
  118. ^ "Marley Family unit Photos: The Legend Continues". Bob Marley Official. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 29 Oct 2019.
  119. ^ Marley, Rita (2004). No Woman, No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley (1st ed.). ISBN9780786868674.
  120. ^ a b Dixon, Meredith. "Lovers and Children of the Natural Mystic: The Story of Bob Marley, Women and their Children". The Dread Library. Archived from the original on two Apr 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  121. ^ "Bob Marley's Children". Chelsea's Entertainment reviews. 8 Dec 2006. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 28 Dec 2009.
  122. ^ a b c d "Bob Marley and the Cute Game" Archived 17 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Paste. Retrieved 22 December 2014
  123. ^ "Black History Month: Bob Marley'due south beloved matter with football". BBC Sport. 22 Oct 2020. Archived from the original on fifteen Apr 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.

Sources

  • Davis, Stephen (28 July 1983). Bob Marley: the biography . Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. ISBN978-0213168599.
  • Gooden, Lou (2003). Reggae Heritage: Jamaica'south Music History, Culture & Politic. AuthorHouse. ISBN978-ane-4107-8062-1. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  • Hombach, Jean-Pierre (2012). Bob Marley: The Father of Music. Lulu. ISBN9781471620454. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  • Marley, Rita; Jones, Hettie (2004). No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley, Hyperion Books, ISBN 0-7868-8755-ix
  • Masouri, Jon (11 November 2009). Wailing Dejection – The Story of Bob Marley'south Wailers. Music Sales Grouping. ISBN978-0-85712-035-9. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  • Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, Connecticut, U.s.: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-275-98935-4. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  • Moskowitz, David (2007). Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-313-33879-3. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved xx February 2016.
  • Toynbee, Jason (viii May 2013). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial Globe. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-7456-5737-0. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  • White, Timothy (2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. New York: Macmillan. ISBN0-8050-8086-4.

Further reading

  • Farley, Christopher (2007). Before the Legend: The Rising of Bob Marley, Amistad Press, ISBN 0-06-053992-5
  • Goldman, Vivien (2006). The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Anthology of the Century, Aurum Press, ISBN 1-84513-210-half dozen
  • Middleton, J. Richard (2000). "Identity and Subversion in Babylon: Strategies for 'Resisting Against the Organization' in the Music of Bob Marley and the Wailers". Religion, Civilisation, and Tradition in the Caribbean. St. Martin's Printing. pp. 181–198. ISBN978-0-312-23242-9. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

External links

  • Official website [ permanent dead link ]
  • Bob Marley at Curlie
  • Bob Marley at Discogs

dejongrettest.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley

Entradas que pueden interesarte

Publicar un comentario for "Lyrics Animals You Never Know Marley"